British American Tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

British American Tobacco - Essay Example It is documented that the company was formed in 1902 by joining Imperial Tobacco Company of United Kingdom with American Tobacco Company of USA. The resulting company was then referred to as the British-American Tobacco Company Ltd. The name later changed to British American Tobacco plc which immediately began earnest diversification in countries all over the world except the United Kingdom and USA, the parent countries. This essay attempts to present a critical appraisal of the strategies adopted by BAT since 2003, an analysis of its environment of operation as well as an evaluation of its potential to remain a major player in the global tobacco business. There is also a brief conclusion given at the end of the essay. Since the year 2003, British American Tobacco Company put in place significant strategic initiatives which saw it grow from a regional company to a global conglomerate. To attain its current status, BAT employed a myriad of strategies. At the outset, the tobacco company decided to grow organically by increasing its market share in existing markets and also through entering new markets. This strategy required BAT to increase its market penetration in the tobacco industry while at the same time observing cost efficiency. Interestingly enough, organic growth was reportedly very successful though with enormous cost implications. To this effect, BAT managed to increase organic sales volumes of its four main brands namely Dunhill, Kent, Pall Mall and Lucky Strike (as cited in Lee and Collin, 2006). Additionally, these top brands are reported to have seen an increase of 8% in volumes in 2003 as indicated in Lee and Collin (2006) with further expectations of even better performance in 2005. This projection in growth by volume was indicative of some organic growth especially in the face of difficult situations in some key markets (Lee and Collin, 2006). On the other hand, to enhance its diversification programme, British American Tobacco went into partnership with R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company on 11 June 2006 to manufacture Camel brand of cigarettes in Sweden. This marked part of the company's strategy of growth through careful acquisitions as well as some organic growth and share exchanges in the long term to realise high single figure earnings (Glantz, 2000). For this reason financially attractive mergers and acquisitions were concluded in close succession to provide BAT with growth opportunities. A land mark acquisition came in 2003 when BAT acquired Ente Tabacchi Italiani, Italy's state tobacco company, thereby elevating BAT to the number two slot in Italy. This acquisition had come on the heels of an earlier one of Rothmans International in 1999 which had some presence in Burma (Glantz, 2000). Finally, in 2008 BAT acquired Turkey's state-owned cigarette maker Tekel (as cited in Glantz, 2000). In my commends about organic growt h for BAT, its veracious appetite for market penetration raised a lot of criticism from human rights groups particularly with the Rothmans International hence forcing BAT to sell its share of the factory in 2003 purportedly after an exceptional request from the British government (Mackey, Mackey and Barney, 2007). Advertising and promotion also marked another strategy employed by BAT since 2003. This strategy was

Poverty in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty in america - Essay Example Conservatives tend to focus on the poor, suggesting their behaviors are the cause of their poverty. Liberals, on the other hand, believe that poverty is created through social problems that cannot be solved by focusing on an individual. Poverty is a social issue and both liberals and conservatives have strong opinions on the topic. Liberal Point of View In their book on the welfare system and the aspects of social policies that have inadequately approached understanding the problem of poverty, Joel Handler and Yeheskel Hasenfeld suggest that the biggest problem with the system is that it is perpetually built upon a structure of myths that do not accurately represent the problem within the United States. The pervasive policy that causes the worst decision making is that through getting if the impoverished would just get a job, the impoverished state of a family would be improved. This policy does not take into consideration the low wages of most positions that are available without a college education, the cost of providing a roof, and most importantly, the lack of jobs and the impermanence of low paying jobs within the United States (Handler and Hasenfeld 4). This theory does not take into account that there are not enough jobs for the labor force. The liberal point of view embraces the idea that being poor is a state that comes from circumstance, many of which are out of the control of the individual. This point of view recognizes that poverty affects lives and that not having adequate shelter, food, or resources for health perpetuates a problem that may never be rectified even if those things are provided due to the economic state of the nation. Handler and Hasenfeld argue that one of the problems with defining poverty in the United States is the assumption that attaining a state above the federally defined poverty line means that a family is adequately supported through their own means. However, this is not often the case. The elements that go into to determ ining the concept of the poverty line are ’deeply flawed’, providing an inaccurate picture of the struggle of financial insecurity within the United States (Handler and Hasenfeld 5). In exploring the liberal point of view, there are many aspects to discuss, but the argument that Handler and Hasenfeld have made about the myths upon which public policy has been built appears to support the basic liberal viewpoint about poverty. People have needs, whether or not they can work. Hunger, according to FRAC (Food Research and Action Center) affects 50.2 million people who are living in food insecure households, with 23.2% of all children not eating on a regular basis. Social support is not about defrauding the taxpayer through welfare, but in trying to find a way to support the needs of people who are starving and in need of basic services for which the state of the economy cannot provide. Incidentally Conservative Point of View One of the stronger theories from the conservati ve point of view which emerged in the 1970s and 1980s on the poor is that of behavioral poverty. Behavioral poverty is based upon the concept that certain behaviors, primarily three behaviors, contribute to the state of poverty. The behaviors that lead to overcoming poverty are â€Å"completing high school, once an adult, get married and stay married (even if not on the first try), and stay employed, even at a wage and under conditions below their ultimate aims†

Human Behavior in Organization Essay Example for Free

Human Behavior in Organization Essay Human behavior in an organization determines the quality of work, progress and success of the organization. No machine and no computer can work by itself. No product is developed and manufactured by itself. Its the workforce or rather the human resources of an organization who develop ideas, create new products and services and then deliver them to the markets. Thus, it is important for the management of an organization to analyze the behavior of its entire work force. Human performance consulting is in vogue today, thanks to the greater emphasis on he psychology of the people behind the desk. Every organization differs from the other with respect to its policies, work environment, recruitment process, Job evaluation and culture. The most natural human tendency is to react positively and with great intensity where they are compensated well, encouraged well and get additional perks and holidays. In no way is it being suggested that an organization should overpay its staff. However, it must be kept in mind that the organization must treat its work force with immense dignity and respect and provide sufficient compensation. Even make the cleaning staff in your organization feel special and encourage them to do their task in the best possible way! The work force must be treated as an asset, not a liability, and once this is done you will notice remarkable change in the collective human behavior. Apart from the internal environment of the office, the external personal environment plays a major role in his/her behavior and attitude. We are social animals with unique aspirations, hopes, insecurities. Only those who enjoy their work can have a healthy balance between personal and professional life. Those who dont enjoy their work will most likely not be satisfied with the work nor be content in their personal life due to the imbalance that exists. One important way to analyze human behavior is to study the relationship effectiveness. How effectively your staff communicates and relates to each other can tell you how much they care for their work and the people around them. Without proper training the office dynamic can become imbalanced Just like any natural system. It is not likely for an accountant or a biologist to sit and study human behavior ffectively. You must have trained experts who understand the unique challenges the workplace brings. Not everybody is gifted with the skill to foresee a persons behavior beforehand. JM Perry, through his coaching packages, helps develop these skills inside organizations. You can have professionals attending one-on-one sessions or learning through live chats or audio-video CDs. After completing Perrys coaching you will be able to comprehend how to analyze human behavior and how to improve your behavior.

What do you find to admire in the poetry of Christina Rossetti? :: English Literature

What do you find to admire in the poetry of Christina Rossetti? Christina Rossetti was born on the 5th December 1830 and died in 1894. She was an English poet and a devout High Anglican, from an Anglo - Italian background. She also was the sister of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, who was a famous artist. Christina Rossetti could be described as one of the 19th Century's 'great odd women.' Even though she did have a variety of poems, no one has said she was a 'great' poet; however, the reason why we are so interested in her is because she was writing poetry in Victorian England and middle - class women were not seen to have any power. The fact that she had even been writing poetry was very unusual, as most females had little rights at this time. Most of her poetry expresses unfulfilled spiritual yearning, frustrated love and the sadness that is spread through her poems may be due to unhappy love affairs in her youth, or to the ill health she constantly suffered. Some examples of this are, 'When I am deadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦' and 'After death.' These poems are obviously about death and her poems are sometimes optimistic and depressing. But simply by writing poetry at this time, she was making a statement about how a lot of women felt during this period. One of the things I admire in the poetry of Christina Rossetti is that she was very honest in what she wrote. She was not afraid to express personal thoughts; for example in 'A Birthday' she says, 'My heart is like a singing bird.' This is very dramatic as she normally writes about darker feelings. Christina Rossetti is also not afraid of dying as she has strong religious beliefs that echo through each poem. For example in 'Song', she expresses that in some way she is looking forward to death and she feels that when she dies she will be a peace. When she wrote her poems, most of them were very depressing but she did, from time, to time write about happiness; for example the poem, which I mentioned previously, 'A Birthday.' This poem is about happiness and feelings of love that inspire her. In it, she is very happy and she cannot describe how she feels enough. Another thing that I admire is that she had the ability to write in different poetic styles; ballads, sonnets and songs, among others. Ballads are a simple song and are very sentimental often with several verses, with the same beat and rhythm. 'Maude Clare' is an example of a Ballad.

Lost in Translation Essay

â€Å"Most linguists would say that there is no such thing as a perfect translation and that something is always lost when we move from one language to another. † Sometimes when translating, there might be the difficulty, of finding a word that expresses or means the same thing, and because there isn’t one specific word that means the same as the other, instead of putting one word, many are used, to describe the words meaning. Each language has a specific way in which the words structure a sentence (grammatical rules to structure a sentence), so that the sentence can make sense. Because meaning changes from one language to another, words need to be added or omitted and the structure of the sentence needs to change, so that meaning of the words can be more accurately translated. When translating one needs to at times translate the meaning, and not the words, because the words could have different meanings. Even though the structure has changed the meaning can still be the same, they are just said in different ways. Each language has it’s own set of grammatical rules (and conjugations), which is why when one word is translated into another (in a different language), the grammatical structure also has to be correct, in order for the sentence to make sense. So in many cases, when translating, the grammatical structure needs to change too. After translating the words or sentence, and changing the grammatical structure, when the meanings are compared in different languages, they are more or less the same. But if you translate the words in their direct meaning, the sentence won’t make sense. Example of words, using different words to translate the meaning more accurately: English:Direct translation into Spanish:  ·Are you serious? Estas tu serio? This translation doesn’t make sense in Spanish. The words need to change so that the translation of the meaning, or expression is correct. The correct way of expressing these words in Spanish would be: No me digas! But when you translate these words back into the original language (English), the meaning would change. The direct translation of No me digas! is: Don’t tell me. In English when you compare the words: â€Å"are you serious? † to â€Å"Don’t tell me! † the meanings are different. â€Å"Are you serious? † would mean: Are you kidding? Really! Or I can’t believe it! While â€Å"Don’t tell me! † would mean: Don’t tell me what’s going to happen or don’t talk to me, I don’t want to hear it! When comparing the meanings, one can see the obvious difference. So in order to get the same meaning, words as well as their structure need to change.

Use of Performance Enhancing Substances by Athletes is Wrong

Use of Performance Enhancing Substances by Athletes is Wrong What would you be willing to do to become a professional athlete? This is a question that demands more than a fleeting thought, because not only will becoming a successful professional athlete bring you millions of dollars, but you will achieve fame, fortune and worldwide recognition. Along with that you will be getting paid a lot to do something that you really love and enjoy. It seems like professional athletes have it all. They are as worshipped as movie stars, allowed to act like rock stars and always seem to age gracefully after their sports careers are over. So perhaps the question should be what wouldn’t you be willing to do to become a professional athlete?†¦show more content†¦Supplements are intended to help out an athlete in areas where there may exist a deficiency. This could be a lack of protein, creatine or even testosterone. And because of this any substance taken to correct a deficiency could be considered a ‘supplement’ to the athlete’s diet – even the multi-vitamin he takes with breakfast. Sport supplementation has become a multi-billion dollar industry that has seen its biggest growth in the last five years and shows no signs of slowing down. It used to be difficult for someone to get supplements, but now you can find things like Ephridirne, which has been banned by the NCAA, in corner stores. The main goal of the supplement industry is to produce legal alternatives to steroids. Sport supplements come in all shapes, sizes, flavors and forms. And in the United States, the only guidelines that need to be followed are those within the Hatch Act. According to the Hatch Act, in order for any supplement to be legal it only needs to be found in a compound that exists in nature. So what you end up with are legal and illegal supplements, but within the legal supplements you have many categories. It has to be said that neither supplements nor steroids can make an athlete great by themselves. Any supplement used without a workout routine will produce no results. This is similarShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The dream of being a major athlete forms in early childhood while watching a favorite athlete succeeding at any given sport. Once a child sees a professional athlete succeeding and being famous that child believes accomplishing this goal will be easy to accomplish. However, becoming a famous athlete is not as easy as it looks. In fact, many athletes whether at professional, college, or even high school levels will stop at nothing to achieve the most success and gain the most popularityRead MoreSteroids Damage both Athletes and Sports Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesAthletes have passed or failed many tests in their life time. Either on the field or off the field it’s safe to say it would be better if they pass. 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Physics of Mining Essay - 809 Words

Mining is a necessary component of the world we live in and it has been practiced for thousands of years. The mining industry produces billions of tons of raw product every year. The process of mining is very complicated and involves plenty of physics! Two main components of the mine cycle are: Drilling, and Blasting. Some important factors in mining are the pillars, rock elasticity, and the slope stability of the ground being mined. A basic method for destroying rock is mechanically induced stress, such as drills and erosion jets. A turbine drill for example, uses a turbine to rotate a diamond faced cutter wheel. The power output, p, can be calculated using the equation p=2 Ï€NT where N is the rotational speed of the turbine and T is†¦show more content†¦It is normal for these shearers to have up to 1 megawatt of power! Blasting is used in mining to break up rock or create space. Explosives are placed in a blasting hole and then detonated. The velocity of the detonation of the explosives are enormous. The detonation of a common explosive such as ANFO (an agent consisting of ammonium nitrate prills and fuel oil) can reach velocities of 5,000 m/s in a 375 mm blasting hole. Blasting is very dangerous because it produces fragments of rock moving at high speeds called flyrock. There have been cases of flyrock weighing up to 500 kg being projected almost a full kilometer! It is often necessary for miners to take into account the resistance of rock bodies to compression and distortion when placed under stress. The ability of a body to resist forces is determined by elasticity. The three moduli of elasticity are: Youngs Modulus: E= (Applied force/Area) / (Change in length/original length) Shear Modulus: G= (Applied force/unit area) / (Angular deformation) Bulk Modulus K= (Force/unit area) / (Change in volume/unit volume) Youngs Modulus measures the ability of a body to resist elongation or shortening. Shear Modulus measures the ability of a body to resist a change in shape. Bulk Modulus measures the ability of a body to resist a change in volume. Slope stability is important when a judgment is neededShow MoreRelatedComputer Based Technologies Impact On The Way We Live, Work, And Play969 Words   |  4 Pagesmethods of analytics and datamining had changed over the past few decades. In 1970s datamining played an important role in scientific fields such as physics, biology, and climate science. In mid-1990s and into the first decade of the new millennium, data mining and analytics played important role in business practices. In the Educational field, data mining and analytics are useful to discover how people learn, to predict learning, and to understand real learning behavior. 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The second being learning about uses of technology in computer science, it taught me the magnitude which technology contributes to our lives and has resulted in my desire to improve the lives of others. I believe that my mathematics and physics skills would make me a proficient engineer.Read MoreNuclear Power Has Been Highly Controversial1525 Words   |  7 PagesNuclear power has been highly controversial in the world, specifically uranium mining. Uranium mining is an option that was presented to the world for a source of nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine, as well as nuclear power. Uranium is a natural element, it has an average concentration of 2.8 per million in the Earth’s crust. Uranium is very abundant and is more plentiful than gold, silver, and mercury. 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In the recent wake of these events an unlikely source has been uncovered to help aid these problems and that source is the math and physics of pokemon. Pokemon is a franchise of turn